Disasters cause human casualties, environmental damage, property losses and psychological impacts which in certain circumstances can hinder national development, disasters can be caused by:
1. Natural factors
2. Non-natural factors
3. Human factor
The following is a complete explanation of the types of disasters based on their causes.
A. Types of natural disasters:
1. Earthquake
Earthquakes are vibrations or shocks that occur on the surface of the earth caused by collisions between steel plates, active faults, volcanic activity or rock debris.
2. Volcanic eruption
Volcanic eruptions or volcanic eruptions are part of volcanic activity known as eruptions. The dangers of a volcanic eruption can be in the form of hot clouds, throwing material (incandescent), heavy ash rain, lava, poison gas, tsunamis and lava floods.
3. Tsunami
Tsunami comes from Japanese which means ocean waves. A tsunami is a series of giant ocean waves that arise due to a shift in the ocean floor due to an earthquake.
4. Landslides
Landslide is one of the movements of the mass of soil or rock, or a combination of both, down or out of the slope due to disruption of the stability of the soil or rock making up the slope.
5. Floods
Flood is an event or condition in which an area or land is submerged due to the increased volume of water. Flash floods are floods that come suddenly with large water discharges caused by blocking the flow of the river in the river flow.
6. Drought
Drought is the availability of water that is far below the need for water for life, agriculture, economic activities and the environment. Drought in agriculture is a drought that occurs on agricultural land where crops (rice, corn, soybeans, etc.) are being cultivated.
7. Whirlwind
Whirlwinds are strong winds that come suddenly, have a center, move in a circle like a spiral. Whirlwind speed is between 40-50 km per hour to touch the earth's surface and will disappear in a short time (3-5 minutes).
8. Abrasion
Abrasion is the process of eroding beaches by the power of ocean waves and destructive ocean currents. Abrasion is also called beach erosion. Damage to the shoreline due to abrasion is triggered by disruption of the natural balance of the coastal area. Although abrasion can be caused by natural symptoms, humans are often cited as the main cause of abrasion.
B. Types of non natural disasters:
1. Fire
Fire is a situation in which a building in a place such as a house or settlement, factory, market, building, etc. is hit by a fire which causes victims and / or losses.
2. Forest and land fires
Forest and land fires are conditions in which forests and land are hit by fire, resulting in forest and land damage resulting in economic and / or environmental value losses. Forest and land fires often cause haze disasters that can disrupt the activities and health of the surrounding community.
3. Transportation accidents
Transportation accidents are accidents of transportation modes that occur on land, sea and air.
4. Industrial accidents
Industrial accidents are accidents caused by two factors, namely unsafe human act and unsafe conditions. The types of industrial accidents that occur depend on the type of industry, for example the work materials and equipment used, work processes, workplace conditions, even the workers involved in it.
5. Extraordinary Events
Extraordinary Events is the emergence or increase in the incidence of illness or death which is epidemiologically significant in an area within a certain period of time.
C. Types of social disasters:
1. Social conflict
Social conflict or social unrest (riot) is a mass movement that has the character of destroying the existing social order and order. Social conflict is triggered by social, cultural and economic jealousy which is usually packaged as a conflict between ethnicity, religion, race and intergroups.
2. Acts of terror
Acts of terror are actions carried out by anyone who deliberately uses violence or threats of violence. Actions of terror create an atmosphere of terror or widespread fear of people or cause mass casualties. Acts of terror are carried out by taking away freedom, resulting in the loss of life and property. Also cause damage or destruction to vital strategic objects or the environment or international public facilities.
3. Sabotage
Sabotage is an act taken to weaken the enemy through subversion, obstruction, chaos and / or destruction. In war, the term sabotage is used to describe the activities of individuals or groups that are not associated with the military but with espionage. Sabotage can be carried out against several important structures, such as infrastructure, economic structures and others.
No Comments